I’ve heard that dogs can only see black and white. Is that true?

Dog’s eyes only have 2 types of cones (just 20 percent of the cones in human eyes). Because of this, a dog’s color spectrum is limited to shades of gray, brown, yellow and blue.
This is called dichromatic vision, which is similar to humans who experience red-green color blindness.
Some colors — like red and orange — may show up as another color to dogs, like brown. Greens may appear blue.
Dogs may also struggle to notice the difference between the same color, like light blue and dark blue.
Keep this in mind if your dog struggles to find toys or treats. It’s not that he’s not interested — he likely can’t see what you’re trying to give him.
The next time you’re shopping for dog toys, try something blue or yellow that will stand out better for your dog.

How does a dog’s vision compare to human vision?

Just because dogs don’t appreciate the entire spectrum of color that humans do, that doesn’t mean they don’t perceive different colors. They just may not see the “true” color of an object.
For example, the color red appears dark brownish-gray or black to a dog. And yellow, orange, and green all look a bit yellowish to a dog. Our furry friends see blue really well, but purple looks the same as blue to them.
When playing a game of fetch, dogs can’t tell the difference between a red ball and a yellow ball. Luckily, they have a great sense of smell so they can usually identify their ball and avoid mix ups when playing a game of fetch in the park.
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Knowing how and what your dog can see will help you make good choices for her.
For example, you should keep your dog’s color range in mind when shopping for toys. She will enjoy yellow and blue toys more than red ones.
And you’ll understand why she gets distracted during a game of fetch as she hones in on a bird flying 50 yards away. You’ll also know that to get his complete attention, you should stand directly in front of him where his range of visual acuity is greatest.